Endometriosis is a painful, chronic disease that affects woman during their reproductive period.
Endometriosis never shows up before puberty and usually ends with menopause. It is characterized by implantation of the endometrial tissue outside of the endometrium.
internal endometriosis – If the tissue gets implanted inside the myometrium, it is called internal endometriosis.
external endometriosis – If the tissue gets implanted outside of the uterus (ovaries, cervix, vagina, bladder, rectum, peritoneum, etc.), it is called external endometriosis.
Endometrial tissue
This endometrial tissue which is located outside of its normal place, responds to the menstrual cycle in the same way as the endometrial tissue located inside the uterus. Every month the endometrial tissue builds up, breaks down and sheds.
Internal bleeding
Normally, when this process occurs inside of the uterus, the blood gets out of the human body through vagina. But, in cases when the endometrial tissue is located outside of the uterus, there is no way for the blood to get out. This internal bleeding leads to the signs and symptoms of endometriosis, depending from the place where the endometrial tissue has penetrated.
The real cause of endometriosis is not known. However, there are different theories that try to explain it. Some women are at a greater risk than others. Endometriosis is more common in women who have never give birth, have periods longer than 7 days, have cycles shorter than 28 days, had their first period before the age of 12, have someone in the family with endometriosis, etc.
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